Heartfelt with Dr Melissa Walton-Shirley

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I'd take my chances with Chantix (varenicline)

Jul 28, 2011 10:47 EDT


The Pfizer rep stopped by the office this week. "What are your thoughts about the latest varenicline information?" she asked. "Well, I think the numbers of events were so small, it was not statistically significant," I said. She then went on to tell me she had heard that a couple of cardiologists were a little afraid to prescribe the drug. Later, I reviewed the information again, just to see if I'd missed something. This latest information upon which the FDA based its safety and warning update "was not powered to detect a statistical difference in the clinical end points," according to Mike O'Riordan's piece (FDA updates label for Chantix) in heartwire, but the cardiovascular events were numerically higher among the 353 patients. Since the lay public (and I'm sure the tobacco-industry folks who are equally as concerned about the safety of their product . . . er, kidding) as well as prescribers read this blog, let me explain the implication of this information in this way:

In the premarketing analyses of around 4500 patients exposed to Chantix, 450 patients utilized it for 24 weeks, 100 patients were on it for one year, and the vast majority were on it for 12 weeks or less. According to these studies, on the surface we'd all better rush to start swallowing some daily Chantix, even us NONsmokers! At the 0.5-mg dose bid here were the results:

Outcome

Placebo (patients, n)

Chantix  (patients, n)

Fatigue

6

4

Rash       

2

1

Vomiting

2

1

Now, surely we aren't going to think that varenicline is good for treating fatigue, rashes, or vomiting. The little-utilized and oft-frowned-upon commonsense approach to statistical analysis tells us these findings are highly likely due to chance. After reviewing all of the information of all of the thousands of patients who have been studied, there has never been a statistically significant increase in MI rates with varenicline. Even if in our wildest dreams by some statistical manipulation that we could somehow squeeze out the tobacco companies' holy grail of a marginally significant-adverse CV event rate with Chantix, the reduction in lung cancer and deaths from COPD alone would be worth the risk. Ask yourselves as prescribers, "Do I prescribe aspirin? Warfarin? Beta blockers? Amiodarone?" The 8% risk seen in some studies of causing gastric ulceration when we prescribe long-term aspirin reduces the CV event rates in some studies by 50%." The potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Sound familiar?

As for all the hoopla about the psychiatric instability, insomnia, and bad dreams on varenicline, I have no doubt that these symptoms occur in some patients. They are a well-known side effect of nicotine withdrawal.

Memorable quotes and events from the pre-Chantix era 

  • "Sorry Dr Walton-Shirley. I went to the grocery, bought a pack of cigarettes, and threw it at him. I don't care. I can't live with that/" —From a spouse whose husband went cold turkey for a few days—before Chantix came on the market.
  • "We are having some issues. His behavior is really odd. He's staying up all night watching TV and masturbating. . . . No, he's never had any psychiatric problems (was 57 years of age). He just started using those nicotine patches and quit smoking a few days ago." —Spouse said of her husband who spent several weeks on the psychiatric unit after a psychotic break triggered by nicotine withdrawal and patch utilization before Chantix came on the market.
  • "I can't explain how it feels. I just feel terrible . . . very angry, and was afraid I was going to kill somebody, so I started back." —A female patient suffering from nicotine withdrawal around day 5, before Chantix came on the market.
  • "I know you are going to kill me Dr Walton-Shirley, but I just had to have one." "You know you just had a heart attack two weeks ago from smoking," I replied. "I know, but you don't know how bad this gets. You've never been a smoker. You really get to the point that you don't care what happens. I'll keep trying". —A patient who died just a few years later, in his late 40s of multiple strokes after a series of MIs, before Chantix came on the market.
  • "She got pretty mean. . . . I mean really mean. I can't live with her like that. I'd told her I'd rather she started back smoking, and I hate it, but in a way, I'm glad she did." —A husband whose wife had a severe episode of agitation from nicotine withdrawal before Chantix came on the market.

The above quotes were as common as pickup lines in a seedy bar (so my friends tell me, of course!) during the 15 years I practiced cardiology without Chantix. Nicotine withdrawal is a real phenomenon and it is as variable as the shape of our own nicotine receptors. That unique shape, almost like a fingerprint, explains why some patients simply "put them down" with very little thought while others struggle as if they are suffering from heroin addiction. If the patient is lucky enough that most of their nicotine receptors are filled by the varenicline molecule, they will easily coast off of tobacco products and wonder why we ever thought it was such a big deal. If it's mostly filled, it will reduce the symptoms, and if there is still a lot of space unoccupied in the receptor, they will suffer the same cold-turkey withdrawal symptoms as if they had never had it.

Then finally, I'd like to address the horrible end result of depression: suicide, a phenomenon nearly as old as life itself, and homicide, the evil entity that reaches back to the first generation of humanity when Cain killed his brother Abel (long before Chantix, I might add). I recall three conversations in the past 20 years in my office setting:

  • "Dr Walton-Shirley, he's dead. He went home and put a gun in his mouth." —Of a smoker who had end-stage congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease and was turned down for hip replacement by his orthopedist; the patient had never even heard of Chantix.
  • "Dr Walton-Shirley, did you hear about Mr X? He killed his girlfriend and he was waiting for her grandkids but it appeared he heard the sirens and committed suicide before the cops could get there."  —Of a smoker and an alcohol abuser who committed these atrocities--long before Chantix came on the market.
  • "He put a shotgun under his chin and somehow pulled the trigger." —Of a smoker with coronary artery disease, at least a decade before Chantix came on the market.

As a matter of fact, I've not had one single patient to commit suicide since Chantix came on the market. There were three in the 15 years before Chantix.

As for the nausea, gear up, because in about 40% of folks there will be a loss of appetite and some queasiness. I've found that instructing the patient to drink a full 8-oz glass of water with each dose really helps to knock or prevent nausea; 2% might require an antiemetic.

Every decision in life is a risk/benefit issue, and the decision to prescribe or take varenicline is no different. In my 20 years of taking care of heart-attack patients, I might be able to recall one patient who listed varenicline on his home med list at the time of a heart attack (and I'm not even certain about that one), as compared with the thousands of patients with ACS treated during my practice lifetime who have never tried it.

If I were a smoker, I can guarantee you that I'd take my "chances" with Chantix over a single cigarette any day. 

See also:

FDA updates label for Chantix








Your comments
I'd take my chances with Chantix (varenicline)
# 1 of 13
July 28, 2011 01:38 (EDT)
laxman
Respected doctor, your observations are as simple and straight forward as THE BIBLE is. Yes the depression, homicide, adultery are inborn for humans.majority of human beings deny this with the help of a scapegoat like chantix
# 2 of 13
July 28, 2011 11:13 (EDT)
Carolyn Thomas

Hi Dr. Melissa

There is another simple yet compelling issue not mentioned here. Australian research published this spring in the journal Public Library of Science Medicine suggests that UNaided smoking cessation methods (like stopping cigarettes cold turkey or gradually reducing before quitting) is actually the most successful way to quit smoking after all, despite Big Pharma’s pervasive marketing campaigns to convince both consumers and physicians alike that we need to buy their products if we really, really want to quit.

In fact, as with problem drinking, gambling, and narcotics use, population studies show consistently that up to three-quarters of smokers who permanently stop smoking do so without any form of assistance like Chantix - known as Champix here in Canada and in Europe (where, coincidentally, France has recently announced that it will no longer be paying for the drug because of the drug's  safety concerns)

It is not, however, in Big Pharma’s best interests to let smokers entertain concepts that are dangerous to their bottom line - like being able to quit smoking on our own.

# 3 of 13
July 29, 2011 07:56 (EDT)
Melissa

Hey Carolyn and glad to hear from you. I ALWAYS advocate for the "cold turkey" approach, but by the time I see many of these patients again, they are on their second ACS admission  or have suffered another event and are still smoking. At that point, it gets to be even more of an urgent situation so we are compelled to offer. Also, I think there is some inherent bias built into the journal publication you sited because of course for the population of patients who have less of an addiction struggle, cold turkey is always going to be the "most successful" approach,  it's those folks  who've already flunked the "UNAided" approach who desperately need our help.  

With regard to the French government, I'd be far more concerned about the health of those who did not receive aid to discontinue smoking than giving any of them Champix.  When I spent some time there 10 years ago, I remarked that it's the only place I'd seen folks eat and smoke at the same time, fork in one hand, cigarette in the other. Smoking used to be pervasive there (not certain how they've fared in the last ten years), but I'd say the cost- prohibitive nature of the up- front loading of that population  with champix had far more to do with their decision. Just my 2. 

Thanks for your post. 

Melissa

# 4 of 13
July 29, 2011 11:54 (EDT)
Frank

I agree 100% with your assessment.  Of all of the agents that have been purported to be successful, Chantix is the most effective agent for the hard core smoker. 

When people have side effects, I have some success with continueing the patient on low dose (inititation) schedule for a longer period of time and gradually escalating to the full twice daily regimen.

# 5 of 13
July 29, 2011 02:25 (EDT)
Steve Soldo, MD

When I saw the "warnings" about Chantix on the news, I chuckled.  Is Chantix a worse poison than smoking?  Silly news like this can only compound the denial that many smokers are in.  Every have that silly discussion with a patient who wants "vascular protection" (e.g. statins, ramipril, Vitamin X-Y-Z) even though they smoke?

 IS there any common sense left in medicine?

# 6 of 13
July 29, 2011 08:23 (EDT)
Dan Hackam MD PhD

Thank you, thank you, thank you!!  Finally, some common sense.  How many examples do we have where meta-analyses of sparse data are later refuted by definitive trials? 

-folic acid & homocysteine

-IV magnesium for acute MI

-renal toxicity of natrecor

-class 1c anti-arrhythmics in acute MI

-GIK therapy for acute MI

Well, can you add varenicline to this list?  

 How many of these events were adjudicated true serious cardiovascular events (MACE; MI-stroke-CV death)?  Was a time-to-event analysis performed?  Were baseline imbalances adjusted for?  The answer to all 3 questions is, quite seriously, no.   

There is something seriously wrong with the FDA. Fortunately, our government will now cover a 12 week course of varenicline for anyone over 65 or on welfare. Hallelujah! 

# 7 of 13
July 29, 2011 08:31 (EDT)
Dan Hackam MD PhD
Wished to add - quitting smoking on your own, in the absence of a vascular event/"teachable moment" - is like getting a heroin addict to quit using diacetylmorphine on their own.  Yes, most smokers still do quit on their own, but these data are from the pre-varenicline era (at least, prior to widespread use), and unfortunately many smokers continue to smoke even after suffering a heart attack, stroke or revascularization.  Blinded randomized trials definitely show that varenicline results in increased cessation versus advice to quit alone with or without nicotine replacement therapy, and even beats buproprion/Zyban.
# 8 of 13
July 31, 2011 07:32 (EDT)
Justin

Thank you for a great article. 

As a former smoker I can honestly say that my Champix/Chantix-aided cessation has been by far my easiest, not only for me, but for everyone who lives/works with me.

I have been willing to sacrifice sleep quality.  I did with every other attempt to stop smoking.

The nausea has helped to stop me from stacking on weight, and can be managed easily.

Not sure if the repeated sinus infections are linked but do not care.

I have stopped smoking for my longest period to date and could not be happier.

The real shame about the scare-mongering is that there are medical "professionals" pushing it along and getting published at the expense of people who are addicted to nicotine.  I'm sure the tobacco industry has nothing to do with it.....

In Australia we now have subsidised access to a total of 6 months of Champix (starter pack and 2 x 12 week courses). Whilst not free, the medication is significantly less than what I was spending on tobacco.

# 9 of 13
August 1, 2011 09:52 (EDT)
Melissa

Thanks to all of you for your kind commentary. As a point of interest I saw a couple this week who are smoking 4 ppd between them. The very nice gentleman was forlorned that he could not afford his meds and he suffered from very poor dentition. He was shocked when I told him how he could afford all of these entities very easily.  He and his significant other are smoking $32,000 US worth of tobacco products every five years.  Chantix for six months $720.

I hope he will think about it.

Melissa

# 10 of 13
August 8, 2011 11:09 (EDT)
Dacq
My conclusion, from many years' experience in tobacco control, is that different things work for different people.  I know a life-long 3-pack a day smoker who quit cold-turkey because, according to him, he decided (after a history of several short-term quits) that he'd finally 'had enough'.  A friend who is a light smoker has been unable quit unaided, but has finally done so with the aid of Champix.  I am not persuaded by the argument that there is some capitalist conspiracy to under-play unaided cessation, nor by the argument that 'most people who quit do so unaided'.  The fallacy in this is the embarrassingly low proportion of current smokers who quit in any given year -- saying that something was used successfully by 75% or even 90% of 3% is nothing to brag about. What about the other 50%-60% of smokers who say they would like to quit?  The pro cold-turkey argument is current being advocated by Simon Chapman in this commissioned article in the BMJ in the lead-up to the UN Summit on Non-Communicable Disease next month. See: http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/bmj.d5008?ijkey=7GXlbpq39uvfd1Q&keytype=ref
# 11 of 13
August 25, 2011 04:30 (EDT)
Carolyn Thomas

Thanks Dacq for this link to the BMJ piece, which concludes: "In the West, despite at least two decades of industry promotions, despite armies of drug retailers, and despite increasing success in the lobbying of governments to subsidise cessation pharmacotherapy, most ex-smokers continue to quit unaided."  As always, my advice is to "follow the money".

As an ex-smoker (your basic worst nighmare) - I like to think (hopefully!) that smoking will one day go the way of the spittoon, once a socially acceptable fixture in hotel lobbies, banks, doctors' offices and virtually every large urban building in North America a century ago. Handy for people suffering from tuberculosis who would cough up phlegm. Went completely out of favour once spitting was identified as a serious public health hazard. Hardly ever see spittoons these days...

A friend recently quit smoking (2-packs a day x30 years) by following two simple steps recommended in a book (called something like The Easy Way to Quit Smoking).  The two simple steps?  #1 - start thinking of yourself as a non-smoker and #2 - stop moping about it.

# 12 of 13
June 20, 2012 12:45 (EDT)
Julia P
It was so NOT worth the Risk. Yes my husband quit smoking after 8 weeks, but now mysteriuously, he has congestive heart failure. Is the risk really worth the odds? Will our children now lose their father because the risks were "downplayed" in the media?
# 13 of 13
June 24, 2012 06:18 (EDT)
Melissa

Julia,

I extend my concern and sympathy to you and your family's plight in dealing with the illness of your loved one. However, for the first 15 years of my practice, congestive heart failure was the most common and most expensive diagnosis in the US which predates Chantix coming onto the American market by centuries.  Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of CHF (artery blockage) followed by hypertension. I have never heard of seen a case of congestive heart failure that was explained by the utilization of smoking cessation medications of any type. To the contrary, if more patients utilized these tools, the prevalence of heart failure would be impacted favorably. I wish your husband the best of luck.  Fortunately, congestive failure is far more treatable in this era of medicine than ever before and I sincerely wish him well.

Melissa


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About Dr Melissa Walton-Shirley
Dr Walton-Shirley performs invasive cardiology, nuclear cardiology, and stress echocardiography in a private practice in Glasgow, KY.

Her chief medical interests are CHF/hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and the promotion of primary PCI for acute MI. Recently she played a significant role in helping to launch an ambitious pilot study of primary PCI in Kentucky, the Kentucky Primary Angioplasty Pilot Project. She has also participated in the TIMI 19, Duke-HF, NRMI, and CRUSADE trials and is proud to have been an advocate of the first smoke-free initiative in Kentucky (2011). She champions a smoke-free America.

Dr Walton-Shirley received her undergraduate degree at the University of Kentucky and went to medical school and did her residency and fellowship at the University of Louisville. She is married with two daughters. Her interests include singing, writing poetry and songs, fitness, and, of course, theheart.org.